Audiometric measurements were performed on the same day as the tuning fork testing.Ĭorresponding Author: Oleksandr Butskiy, MD, Gordon & Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, 4th Flr, 4299B-2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada ( for Publication: November 11, 2017. Sensitivity and specificity of tuning fork identified conductive hearing loss were determined by comparison with the following reference standard: 20 decibels (dB) average air-bone gap at 500 Hz and 1000 Hz. In the exploratory analyses, 2 alternative definitions of conductive hearing loss were considered: any combination of negative or equivocal responses in the test orientation (definition 2) and 2 negative responses in the test orientation (definition 3). The test orientation sequence was block randomized, and the experimenter blinded to the screening results.Ī tuning fork identified conductive hearing loss was predefined as at least 1 negative or equivocal response in the test orientation (definition 1). Enrolled patients underwent 4 further Rinne tests with a 512 Hz tuning fork presented to each ear: 2 with the tines parallel and 2 with the tines perpendicular to each ear canal. Patients with a negative (bone conduction louder than air) or equivocal (bone conduction equal to air) Rinne result (suggesting conductive hearing loss) in at least 1 ear were recruited. Patients’ eligibility was identified by a screening Rinne test with a 512 Hz tuning fork, in which the allocation of tuning fork tines’ orientation (parallel vs perpendicular) was determined by a random number sequence. Patients were recruited at a tertiary care academic otology clinic between February 2016 and February 2017. Written informed consent was obtained from adult patients prospectively recruited with institutional ethical approval from Vancouver General Hospital. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.

Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.

Definition of weber tuning fork